A company has a Microsoft SQL Server 2017 Enterprise edition on Amazon RDS database with the Multi-AZ option turned on. Automatic backups are turned on and the retention period is set to 7 days. The company needs to add a read replica to the RDS DB instance.
How should a database specialist achieve this task?

A. Turn off the Multi-AZ feature, add the read replica, and turn Multi-AZ back on again.

B. Set the backup retention period to 0, add the read replica, and set the backup retention period to 7 days again.

C. Restore a snapshot to a new RDS DB instance and add the DB instance as a replica to the original database.

D. Add the new read replica without making any other changes to the RDS database.

A company has branch offices in the United States and Singapore. The company has a three-tier web application that uses a shared database. The database runs on an Amazon RDS for MySQL DB instance that is hosted in the us-west-2 Region. The application has a distributed front end that is deployed in us-west-2 and in the ap-southeast-1 Region. The company uses this front end as a dashboard that provides statistics to sales managers in each branch office.
The dashboard loads more slowly in the Singapore branch office than in the United States branch office. The company needs a solution so that the dashboard loads consistently for users in each location.
Which solution will meet these requirements in the MOST operationally efficient way?

A. Take a snapshot of the DB instance in us-west-2. Create a new DB instance in ap-southeast-2 from the snapshot. Reconfigure the ap-southeast-1 front-end dashboard to access the new DB instance.

B. Create an RDS read replica in ap-southeast-1 from the primary DB instance in us-west-2. Reconfigure the ap-southeast-1 front-end dashboard to access the read replica.

C. Create a new DB instance in ap-southeast-1. Use AWS Database Migration Service (AWS DMS) and change data capture (CDC) to update the new DB instance in ap-southeast-1. Reconfigure the ap-southeast-1 front-end dashboard to access the new DB instance.

D. Create an RDS read replica in us-west-2, where the primary DB instance resides. Create a read replica in ap-southeast-1 from the read replica in us-west-2. Reconfigure the ap-southeast-1 front-end dashboard to access the read replica in ap-southeast-1.

A company is using AWS CloudFormation to provision and manage infrastructure resources, including a production database. During a recent CloudFormation stack update, a database specialist observed that changes were made to a database resource that is named ProductionDatabase. The company wants to prevent changes to only ProductionDatabase during future stack updates.
Which stack policy will meet this requirement?

A.

B.

C.

D.

A large financial services company is using AWS Database Migration Service (AWS DMS) to migrate databases from on-premises to the AWS Cloud. During the migration of one of the databases, the AWS DMS replication instance entered a storage-full status. A database administrator needs to troubleshoot and fix the issue.
Which options would help the database administrator resolve this issue? (Choose two.)

A. Change the size of the replication instance to a larger supported instance type.

B. Use the AWS Management Console to modify the replication task settings to the limited large binary object (LOB) mode and set the value to 16.

C. Use the AWS CLI to modify the replication task settings with ‘{“Logging”: {“DeleteTaskLogs”: true}}’.

D. Use the AWS CLI to modify the replication task settings with ‘{“Logging”: {“CloudWatchLogGroup”: null}}’.

E. Use the modify-replication-instance API to increase the amount of storage allocated to the replication instance.

A Database Specialist is migrating an on-premises Microsoft SQL Server application database to Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL using AWS DMS. The application requires minimal downtime when the RDS DB instance goes live.
What change should the Database Specialist make to enable the migration?

A. Configure the on-premises application database to act as a source for an AWS DMS full load with ongoing change data capture (CDC)

B. Configure the AWS DMS replication instance to allow both full load and ongoing change data capture (CDC)

C. Configure the AWS DMS task to generate full logs to allow for ongoing change data capture (CDC)

D. Configure the AWS DMS connections to allow two-way communication to allow for ongoing change data capture (CDC)

A company wants to improve its ecommerce website on AWS. A database specialist decides to add Amazon ElastiCache for Redis in the implementation stack to ease the workload off the database and shorten the website response times. The database specialist must also ensure the ecommerce website is highly available within the company's AWS Region.
How should the database specialist deploy ElastiCache to meet this requirement?

A. Launch an ElastiCache for Redis cluster using the AWS CLI with the -cluster-enabled switch.

B. Launch an ElastiCache for Redis cluster and select read replicas in different Availability Zones.

C. Launch two ElastiCache for Redis clusters in two different Availability Zones. Configure Redis streams to replicate the cache from the primary cluster to another.

D. Launch an ElastiCache cluster in the primary Availability Zone and restore the cluster’s snapshot to a different Availability Zone during disaster recovery.

A company hosts an internal file-sharing application running on Amazon EC2 instances in VPC_A. This application is backed by an Amazon ElastiCache cluster, which is in VPC_B and peered with VPC_A. The company migrates its application instances from VPC_A to VPC_B. Logs indicate that the file-sharing application no longer can connect to the ElastiCache cluster.
What should a database specialist do to resolve this issue?

A. Create a second security group on the EC2 instances. Add an outbound rule to allow traffic from the ElastiCache cluster security group.

B. Delete the ElastiCache security group. Add an interface VPC endpoint to enable the EC2 instances to connect to the ElastiCache cluster.

C. Modify the ElastiCache security group by adding outbound rules that allow traffic to VPC_B’s CIDR blocks from the ElastiCache cluster.

D. Modify the ElastiCache security group by adding an inbound rule that allows traffic from the EC2 instances’ security group to the ElastiCache cluster.

A company is running a business-critical application on premises by using Microsoft SQL Server. A database specialist is planning to migrate the instance with several databases to the AWS Cloud. The database specialist will use SQL Server Standard edition hosted on Amazon EC2 Windows instances. The solution must provide high availability and must avoid a single point of failure in the SQL Server deployment architecture.
Which solution will meet these requirements?

A. Create Amazon RDS for SQL Server Multi-AZ DB instances. Use Amazon S3 as a shared storage option to host the databases.

B. Set up Always On Failover Cluster Instances as a single SQL Server instance. Use Multi-AZ Amazon FSx for Windows File Server as a shared storage option to host the databases.

C. Set up Always On availability groups to group one or more user databases that fail over together across multiple SQL Server instances. Use Multi-AZ Amazon FSx for Windows File Server as a shared storage option to host the databases.

D. Create an Application Load Balancer to distribute database traffic across multiple EC2 instances in multiple Availability Zones. Use Amazon S3 as a shared storage option to host the databases.

A database specialist manages a critical Amazon RDS for MySQL DB instance for a company. The data stored daily could vary from .01% to 10% of the current database size. The database specialist needs to ensure that the DB instance storage grows as needed.
What is the MOST operationally efficient and cost-effective solution?

A. Configure RDS Storage Auto Scaling.

B. Configure RDS instance Auto Scaling.

C. Modify the DB instance allocated storage to meet the forecasted requirements.

D. Monitor the Amazon CloudWatch FreeStorageSpace metric daily and add storage as required.

A company recently launched a mobile app that has grown in popularity during the last week. The company started development in the cloud and did not initially follow security best practices during development of the mobile app. The mobile app gives customers the ability to use the platform anonymously. Platform architects use Amazon ElastiCache for Redis in a VPC to manage session affinity (sticky sessions) and cookies for customers.
The company's security team now mandates encryption in transit and encryption at rest for all traffic. A database specialist is using the AWS CLI to comply with this mandate.
Which combination of steps should the database specialist take to meet these requirements? (Choose three.)

A. Create a manual backup of the existing Redis replication group by using the create-snapshot command. Restore from the backup by using the create-replication-group command

B. Use the –transit-encryption-enabled parameter on the new Redis replication group

C. Use the –at-rest-encryption-enabled parameter on the existing Redis replication group

D. Use the –transit-encryption-enabled parameter on the existing Redis replication group

E. Use the –at-rest-encryption-enabled parameter on the new Redis replication group

F. Create a manual backup of the existing Redis replication group by using the CreateBackupSelection command. Restore from the backup by using the StartRestoreJob command

A company uses an Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL DB instance for its customer relationship management (CRM) system. New compliance requirements specify that the database must be encrypted at rest.
Which action will meet these requirements?

A. Create an encrypted copy of manual snapshot of the DB instance. Restore a new DB instance from the encrypted snapshot.

B. Modify the DB instance and enable encryption.

C. Restore a DB instance from the most recent automated snapshot and enable encryption.

D. Create an encrypted read replica of the DB instance. Promote the read replica to a standalone instance.

A company is developing an application that performs intensive in-memory operations on advanced data structures such as sorted sets. The application requires sub-millisecond latency for reads and writes. The application occasionally must run a group of commands as an ACID-compliant operation. A database specialist is setting up the database for this application. The database specialist needs the ability to create a new database cluster from the latest backup of the production cluster.
Which type of cluster should the database specialist create to meet these requirements?

A. Amazon ElastiCache for Memcached

B. Amazon Neptune

C. Amazon ElastiCache for Redis

D. Amazon DynamoDB Accelerator (DAX)

A company has an ecommerce web application with an Amazon RDS for MySQL DB instance. The marketing team has noticed some unexpected updates to the product and pricing information on the website, which is impacting sales targets. The marketing team wants a database specialist to audit future database activity to help identify how and when the changes are being made.
What should the database specialist do to meet these requirements? (Choose two.)

A. Create an RDS event subscription to the audit event type.

B. Enable auditing of CONNECT and QUERY_DML events.

C. SSH to the DB instance and review the database logs.

D. Publish the database logs to Amazon CloudWatch Logs.

E. Enable Enhanced Monitoring on the DB instance.

A company is running its line of business application on AWS, which uses Amazon RDS for MySQL at the persistent data store. The company wants to minimize downtime when it migrates the database to Amazon Aurora.
Which migration method should a Database Specialist use?

A. Take a snapshot of the RDS for MySQL DB instance and create a new Aurora DB cluster with the option to migrate snapshots.

B. Make a backup of the RDS for MySQL DB instance using the mysqldump utility, create a new Aurora DB cluster, and restore the backup.

C. Create an Aurora Replica from the RDS for MySQL DB instance and promote the Aurora DB cluster.

D. Create a clone of the RDS for MySQL DB instance and promote the Aurora DB cluster.

A large financial services company requires that all data be encrypted in transit. A Developer is attempting to connect to an Amazon RDS DB instance using the company VPC for the first time with credentials provided by a Database Specialist. Other members of the Development team can connect, but this user is consistently receiving an error indicating a communications link failure. The Developer asked the Database Specialist to reset the password a number of times, but the error persists.
Which step should be taken to troubleshoot this issue?

A. Ensure that the database option group for the RDS DB instance allows ingress from the Developer machine’s IP address

B. Ensure that the RDS DB instance’s subnet group includes a public subnet to allow the Developer to connect

C. Ensure that the RDS DB instance has not reached its maximum connections limit

D. Ensure that the connection is using SSL and is addressing the port where the RDS DB instance is listening for encrypted connections

A company is releasing a new mobile game featuring a team play mode. As a group of mobile device users play together, an item containing their statuses is updated in an Amazon DynamoDB table. Periodically, the other users' devices read the latest statuses of their teammates from the table using the BatchGetltemn operation.
Prior to launch, some testers submitted bug reports claiming that the status data they were seeing in the game was not up-to-date. The developers are unable to replicate this issue and have asked a database specialist for a recommendation.
Which recommendation would resolve this issue?

A. Ensure the DynamoDB table is configured to be always consistent.

B. Ensure the BatchGetltem operation is called with the ConsistentRead parameter set to false.

C. Enable a stream on the DynamoDB table and subscribe each device to the stream to ensure all devices receive up-to-date status information.

D. Ensure the BatchGetltem operation is called with the ConsistentRead parameter set to true.

An online bookstore recently migrated its database from on-premises Oracle to Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL 13. The bookstore uses scheduled jobs to run customized SQL scripts to administer the Oracle database, running hours-long maintenance tasks, such as partition maintenance and statistics gathering. The bookstore's application team has reached out to a database specialist seeking an ideal replacement for scheduling jobs with Aurora PostgreSQL.
What should the database specialist implement to meet these requirements with MINIMAL operational overhead?

A. Configure an Amazon EC2 instance to run on a schedule to initiate database maintenance jobs

B. Configure AWS Batch with AWS Step Functions to schedule long-running database maintenance tasks

C. Create an Amazon EventBridae (Amazon CloudWatch Events) rule with AWS Lambda that runs on a schedule to initiate database maintenance jobs

D. Turn on the pg_cron extension in the Aurora PostgreSOL database and schedule the database maintenance tasks by using the cron.schedule function

A large IT hardware manufacturing company wants to deploy a MySQL database solution in the AWS Cloud. The solution should quickly create copies of the company's production databases for test purposes. The solution must deploy the test databases in minutes, and the test data should match the latest production data as closely as possible. Developers must also be able to make changes in the test database and delete the instances afterward.
Which solution meets these requirements?

A. Leverage Amazon RDS for MySQL with write-enabled replicas running on Amazon EC2. Create the test copies using a mysqidump backup from the RDS for MySQL DB instances and importing them into the new EC2 instances.

B. Leverage Amazon Aurora MySQL. Use database cloning to create multiple test copies of the production DB clusters.

C. Leverage Amazon Aurora MySQL. Restore previous production DB instance snapshots into new test copies of Aurora MySQL DB clusters to allow them to make changes.

D. Leverage Amazon RDS for MySQL. Use database cloning to create multiple developer copies of the production DB instance.

A database specialist has a fleet of Amazon RDS DB instances that use the default DB parameter group. The database specialist needs to associate a custom parameter group with some of the DB instances.
After the database specialist makes this change, when will the instances be assigned to this new parameter group?

A. Instantaneously after the change is made to the parameter group

B. In the next scheduled maintenance window of the DB instances

C. After the DB instances are manually rebooted

D. Within 24 hours after the change is made to the parameter group

A company recently migrated its line-of-business (LOB) application to AWS. The application uses an Amazon RDS for SQL Server DB instance as its database engine.
The company must set up cross-Region disaster recovery for the application. The company needs a solution with the lowest possible RPO and RTO.
Which solution will meet these requirements?

A. Create a cross-Region read replica of the DB instance. Promote the read replica at the time of failover.

B. Set up SQL replication from the DB instance to an Amazon EC2 instance in the disaster recovery Region. Promote the EC2 instance as the primary server.

C. Use AWS Database Migration Service (AWS KMS) for ongoing replication of the DB instance in the disaster recovery Region.

D. Take manual snapshots of the DB instance in the primary Region. Copy the snapshots to the disaster recovery Region.

A company conducted a security audit of its AWS infrastructure. The audit identified that data was not encrypted in transit between application servers and a
MySQL database that is hosted in Amazon RDS.
After the audit, the company updated the application to use an encrypted connection. To prevent this problem from occurring again, the company's database team needs to configure the database to require in-transit encryption for all connections.
Which solution will meet this requirement?

A. Update the parameter group in use by the DB instance, and set the require_secure_transport parameter to ON.

B. Connect to the database, and use ALTER USER to enable the REQUIRE SSL option on the database user.

C. Update the security group in use by the DB instance, and remove port 80 to prevent unencrypted connections from being established.

D. Update the DB instance, and enable the Require Transport Layer Security option.

A legal research company wants to build a recommendation engine on AWS that connects datasets to help lawyers create legal arguments. The recommendation engine will collect millions of unstructured text documents from third-party sources to identify connections between documents without users needing to manually compare the documents.
Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?

A. Build a graph-based recommendation engine by using Amazon Neptune. Search the documents for vertices with relationships among the different sources to connect.

B. Create an AWS Lambda application in which the documents are uploaded into Amazon S3. Populate Amazon DynamoDB tables with the metadata of the documents for users to search.

C. Develop a serverless document scanner by using Amazon Textract to analyze the text from the various sources. Store the detected text in an Amazon Aurora database for analysis.

D. Define the data sources in an Amazon S3 data lake. Analyze the documents by using AWS Glue. Query the documents for relationships by using Amazon Athena.

A company has a production Amazon Aurora Db cluster that serves both online transaction processing (OLTP) transactions and compute-intensive reports. The reports run for 10% of the total cluster uptime while the OLTP transactions run all the time. The company has benchmarked its workload and determined that a six- node Aurora DB cluster is appropriate for the peak workload.
The company is now looking at cutting costs for this DB cluster, but needs to have a sufficient number of nodes in the cluster to support the workload at different times. The workload has not changed since the previous benchmarking exercise.
How can a Database Specialist address these requirements with minimal user involvement?

A. Split up the DB cluster into two different clusters: one for OLTP and the other for reporting. Monitor and set up replication between the two clusters to keep data consistent.

B. Review all evaluate the peak combined workload. Ensure that utilization of the DB cluster node is at an acceptable level. Adjust the number of instances, if necessary.

C. Use the stop cluster functionality to stop all the nodes of the DB cluster during times of minimal workload. The cluster can be restarted again depending on the workload at the time.

D. Set up automatic scaling on the DB cluster. This will allow the number of reader nodes to adjust automatically to the reporting workload, when needed.

A company is planning to close for several days. A Database Specialist needs to stop all applications along with the DB instances to ensure employees do not have access to the systems during this time. All databases are running on Amazon RDS for MySQL.
The Database Specialist wrote and ran a script to stop all the DB instances. When reviewing the logs, the Database Specialist found that Amazon RDS DB instances with read replicas did not stop.
How should the Database Specialist edit the script to fix this issue?

A. Stop the source instances before stopping their read replicas

B. Delete each read replica before stopping its corresponding source instance

C. Stop the read replicas before stopping their source instances

D. Use the AWS CLI to stop each read replica and source instance at the same time

A database specialist was alerted that a production Amazon RDS MariaDB instance with 100 GB of storage was out of space. In response, the database specialist modified the DB instance and added 50 GB of storage capacity. Three hours later, a new alert is generated due to a lack of free space on the same DB instance.
The database specialist decides to modify the instance immediately to increase its storage capacity by 20 GB.
What will happen when the modification is submitted?

A. The request will fail because this storage capacity is too large.

B. The request will succeed only if the primary instance is in active status.

C. The request will succeed only if CPU utilization is less than 10%.

D. The request will fail as the most recent modification was too soon.

A company is migrating its 200 GB on-premises PostgreSQL database to Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL. The original database columns include NOT NULL and foreign key constraints. A database administrator needs to complete the migration while following best practices for database migrations.
Which option meets these requirements to migrate the database to AWS?

A. Use the AWS Schema Conversion Tool (AWS SCT) and AWS Database Migration Service (AWS DMS) to migrate the database to an Aurora PostgreSQL DB cluster.

B. Create an AWS Lambda function to connect to the source database and load the data into the target Aurora PostgreSQL DB cluster.

C. Use the PostgreSQL tools pg_dump and pg_restore to migrate to the Aurora PostgreSQL DB cluster.

D. Create an Aurora PostgreSQL read replica and promote the read replica to become primary once it is synchronized.

A company has a database fleet that includes an Amazon RDS for MySQL DB instance. During an audit, the company discovered that the data that is stored on the DB instance is unencrypted.
A database specialist must enable encryption for the DB instance. The database specialist also must encrypt all connections to the DB instance.
Which combination of actions should the database specialist take to meet these requirements? (Choose three.)

A. In the RDS console, choose ג€Enable encryptionג€ to encrypt the DB instance by using an AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) key.

B. Encrypt the read replica of the unencrypted DB instance by using an AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) key. Fail over the read replica to the primary DB instance.

C. Create a snapshot of the unencrypted DB instance. Encrypt the snapshot by using an AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) key. Restore the DB instance from the encrypted snapshot. Delete the original DB instance.

D. Require SSL connections for applicable database user accounts.

E. Use SSL/TLS from the application to encrypt a connection to the DB instance.

F. Enable SSH encryption on the DB instance.

A company has deployed an e-commerce web application in a new AWS account. An Amazon RDS for MySQL Multi-AZ DB instance is part of this deployment with a database-1.xxxxxxxxxxxx.us-east-1.rds.amazonaws.com endpoint listening on port 3306. The company's Database Specialist is able to log in to MySQL and run queries from the bastion host using these details.
When users try to utilize the application hosted in the AWS account, they are presented with a generic error message. The application servers are logging a `could not connect to server: Connection times out` error message to Amazon CloudWatch Logs.
What is the cause of this error?

A. The user name and password the application is using are incorrect.

B. The security group assigned to the application servers does not have the necessary rules to allow inbound connections from the DB instance.

C. The security group assigned to the DB instance does not have the necessary rules to allow inbound connections from the application servers.

D. The user name and password are correct, but the user is not authorized to use the DB instance.

A company has an existing system that uses a single-instance Amazon DocumentDB (with MongoDB compatibility) cluster. Read requests account for 75% of the system queries. Write requests are expected to increase by 50% after an upcoming global release. A database specialist needs to design a solution that improves the overall database performance without creating additional application overhead.
Which solution will meet these requirements?

A. Recreate the cluster with a shared cluster volume. Add two instances to serve both read requests and write requests.

B. Add one read replica instance. Activate a shared cluster volume. Route all read queries to the read replica instance.

C. Add one read replica instance. Set the read preference to secondary preferred.

D. Add one read replica instance. Update the application to route all read queries to the read replica instance.

A company is using Amazon Neptune as the graph database for one of its products. The company's data science team accidentally created large amounts of temporary information during an ETL process. The Neptune DB cluster automatically increased the storage space to accommodate the new data, but the data science team deleted the unused information.
What should a database specialist do to avoid unnecessary charges for the unused cluster volume space?

A. Take a snapshot of the cluster volume. Restore the snapshot in another cluster with a smaller volume size.

B. Use the AWS CLI to turn on automatic resizing of the cluster volume.

C. Export the cluster data into a new Neptune DB cluster.

D. Add a Neptune read replica to the cluster. Promote this replica as a new primary DB instance. Reset the storage space of the cluster.

A company is running an Amazon RDS for MySQL Multi-AZ DB instance for a business-critical workload. RDS encryption for the DB instance is disabled. A recent security audit concluded that all business-critical applications must encrypt data at rest. The company has asked its database specialist to formulate a plan to accomplish this for the DB instance.
Which process should the database specialist recommend?

A. Create an encrypted snapshot of the unencrypted DB instance. Copy the encrypted snapshot to Amazon S3. Restore the DB instance from the encrypted snapshot using Amazon S3.

B. Create a new RDS for MySQL DB instance with encryption enabled. Restore the unencrypted snapshot to this DB instance.

C. Create a snapshot of the unencrypted DB instance. Create an encrypted copy of the snapshot. Restore the DB instance from the encrypted snapshot.

D. Temporarily shut down the unencrypted DB instance. Enable AWS KMS encryption in the AWS Management Console using an AWS managed CMK. Restart the DB instance in an encrypted state.

A social media company is using Amazon DynamoDB to store user profile data and user activity data. Developers are reading and writing the data, causing the size of the tables to grow significantly. Developers have started to face performance bottlenecks with the tables.
Which solution should a database specialist recommend to read items the FASTEST without consuming all the provisioned throughput for the tables?

A. Use the Scan API operation in parallel with many workers to read all the items. Use the Query API operation to read multiple items that have a specific partition key and sort key. Use the GetItem API operation to read a single item.

B. Use the Scan API operation with a filter expression that allows multiple items to be read. Use the Query API operation to read multiple items that have a specific partition key and sort key. Use the GetItem API operation to read a single item.

C. Use the Scan API operation with a filter expression that allows multiple items to be read. Use the Query API operation to read a single item that has a specific primary key. Use the BatchGetItem API operation to read multiple items.

D. Use the Scan API operation in parallel with many workers to read all the items. Use the Query API operation to read a single item that has a specific primary key Use the BatchGetItem API operation to read multiple items.

A company is running a two-tier ecommerce application in one AWS account. The web server is deployed using an Amazon RDS for MySQL Multi-AZ DB instance. A Developer mistakenly deleted the database in the production environment. The database has been restored, but this resulted in hours of downtime and lost revenue.
Which combination of changes in existing IAM policies should a Database Specialist make to prevent an error like this from happening in the future? (Choose three.)

A. Grant least privilege to groups, users, and roles

B. Allow all users to restore a database from a backup that will reduce the overall downtime to restore the database

C. Enable multi-factor authentication for sensitive operations to access sensitive resources and API operations

D. Use policy conditions to restrict access to selective IP addresses

E. Use AccessList Controls policy type to restrict users for database instance deletion

F. Enable AWS CloudTrail logging and Enhanced Monitoring

A database administrator needs to save a particular automated database snapshot from an Amazon RDS for Microsoft SQL Server DB instance for longer than the maximum number of days.
Which solution will meet these requirements in the MOST operationally efficient way?

A. Create a manual copy of the snapshot.

B. Export the contents of the snapshot to an Amazon S3 bucket.

C. Change the retention period of the snapshot to 45 days.

D. Create a native SQL Server backup. Save the backup to an Amazon S3 bucket.

A company has an application that uses an Amazon DynamoDB table to store user data. Every morning, a single-threaded process calls the DynamoDB API Scan operation to scan the entire table and generate a critical start-of-day report for management. A successful marketing campaign recently doubled the number of items in the table, and now the process takes too long to run and the report is not generated in time.
A database specialist needs to improve the performance of the process. The database specialist notes that, when the process is running, 15% of the table's provisioned read capacity units (RCUs) are being used.
What should the database specialist do?

A. Enable auto scaling for the DynamoDB table.

B. Use four threads and parallel DynamoDB API Scan operations.

C. Double the table’s provisioned RCUs.

D. Set the Limit and Offset parameters before every call to the API.

An online gaming company is using an Amazon DynamoDB table in on-demand mode to store game scores. After an intensive advertisement campaign in South
America, the average number of concurrent users rapidly increases from 100,000 to 500,000 in less than 10 minutes every day around 5 PM.
The on-call software reliability engineer has observed that the application logs contain a high number of DynamoDB throttling exceptions caused by game score insertions around 5 PM. Customer service has also reported that several users are complaining about their scores not being registered.
How should the database administrator remediate this issue at the lowest cost?

A. Enable auto scaling and set the target usage rate to 90%.

B. Switch the table to provisioned mode and enable auto scaling.

C. Switch the table to provisioned mode and set the throughput to the peak value.

D. Create a DynamoDB Accelerator cluster and use it to access the DynamoDB table.

A company stores critical data for a department in Amazon RDS for MySQL DB instances. The department was closed for 3 weeks and notified a database specialist that access to the RDS DB instances should not be granted to anyone during this time. To meet this requirement, the database specialist stopped all the
DB instances used by the department but did not select the option to create a snapshot. Before the 3 weeks expired, the database specialist discovered that users could connect to the database successfully.
What could be the reason for this?

A. When stopping the DB instance, the option to create a snapshot should have been selected.

B. When stopping the DB instance, the duration for stopping the DB instance should have been selected.

C. Stopped DB instances will automatically restart if the number of attempted connections exceeds the threshold set.

D. Stopped DB instances will automatically restart if the instance is not manually started after 7 days.

A company's development team needs to have production data restored in a staging AWS account. The production database is running on an Amazon RDS for
PostgreSQL Multi-AZ DB instance, which has AWS KMS encryption enabled using the default KMS key. A database specialist planned to share the most recent automated snapshot with the staging account, but discovered that the option to share snapshots is disabled in the AWS Management Console.
What should the database specialist do to resolve this?

A. Disable automated backups in the DB instance. Share both the automated snapshot and the default KMS key with the staging account. Restore the snapshot in the staging account and enable automated backups.

B. Copy the automated snapshot specifying a custom KMS encryption key. Share both the copied snapshot and the custom KMS encryption key with the staging account. Restore the snapshot to the staging account within the same Region.

C. Modify the DB instance to use a custom KMS encryption key. Share both the automated snapshot and the custom KMS encryption key with the staging account. Restore the snapshot in the staging account.

D. Copy the automated snapshot while keeping the default KMS key. Share both the snapshot and the default KMS key with the staging account. Restore the snapshot in the staging account.

A company hosts an on-premises Microsoft SQL Server Enterprise edition database with Transparent Data Encryption (TDE) enabled. The database is 20 TB in size and includes sparse tables. The company needs to migrate the database to Amazon RDS for SQL Server during a maintenance window that is scheduled for an upcoming weekend. Data-at-rest encryption must be enabled for the target DB instance.
Which combination of steps should the company take to migrate the database to AWS in the MOST operationally efficient manner? (Choose two.)

A. Use AWS Database Migration Service (AWS DMS) to migrate from the on-premises source database to the RDS for SQL Server target database.

B. Disable TDE. Create a database backup without encryption. Copy the backup to Amazon S3.

C. Restore the backup to the RDS for SQL Server DB instance. Enable TDE for the RDS for SQL Server DB instance.

D. Set up an AWS Snowball Edge device. Copy the database backup to the device. Send the device to AWS. Restore the database from Amazon S3.

E. Encrypt the data with client-side encryption before transferring the data to Amazon RDS.

A company is using an Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL DB cluster with an xlarge primary instance master and two large Aurora Replicas for high availability and read-only workload scaling. A failover event occurs and application performance is poor for several minutes. During this time, application servers in all Availability
Zones are healthy and responding normally.
What should the company do to eliminate this application performance issue?

A. Configure both of the Aurora Replicas to the same instance class as the primary DB instance. Enable cache coherence on the DB cluster, set the primary DB instance failover priority to tier-0, and assign a failover priority of tier-1 to the replicas.

B. Deploy an AWS Lambda function that calls the DescribeDBInstances action to establish which instance has failed, and then use the PromoteReadReplica operation to promote one Aurora Replica to be the primary DB instance. Configure an Amazon RDS event subscription to send a notification to an Amazon SNS topic to which the Lambda function is subscribed.

C. Configure one Aurora Replica to have the same instance class as the primary DB instance. Implement Aurora PostgreSQL DB cluster cache management. Set the failover priority to tier-0 for the primary DB instance and one replica with the same instance class. Set the failover priority to tier-1 for the other replicas.

D. Configure both Aurora Replicas to have the same instance class as the primary DB instance. Implement Aurora PostgreSQL DB cluster cache management. Set the failover priority to tier-0 for the primary DB instance and to tier-1 for the replicas.

A team of Database Specialists is currently investigating performance issues on an Amazon RDS for MySQL DB instance and is reviewing related metrics. The team wants to narrow the possibilities down to specific database wait events to better understand the situation.
How can the Database Specialists accomplish this?

A. Enable the option to push all database logs to Amazon CloudWatch for advanced analysis

B. Create appropriate Amazon CloudWatch dashboards to contain specific periods of time

C. Enable Amazon RDS Performance Insights and review the appropriate dashboard

D. Enable Enhanced Monitoring will the appropriate settings

A company is writing a new survey application to be used with a weekly televised game show. The application will be available for 2 hours each week. The company expects to receive over 500,000 entries every week, with each survey asking 2-3 multiple choice questions of each user. A Database Specialist needs to select a platform that is highly scalable for a large number of concurrent writes to handle the anticipated volume.
Which AWS services should the Database Specialist consider? (Choose two.)

A. Amazon DynamoDB

B. Amazon Redshift

C. Amazon Neptune

D. Amazon Elasticsearch Service

E. Amazon ElastiCache

A company's database specialist is building an Amazon RDS for Microsoft SQL Server DB instance to store hundreds of records in CSV format. A customer service tool uploads the records to an Amazon S3 bucket.
An employee who previously worked at the company already created a custom stored procedure to map the necessary CSV fields to the database tables. The database specialist needs to implement a solution that reuses this previous work and minimizes operational overhead.
Which solution will meet these requirements?

A. Create an Amazon S3 event to invoke an AWS Lambda function. Configure the Lambda function to parse the .csv file and use a SQL client library to run INSERT statements to load the data into the tables.

B. Write a custom .NET app that is hosted on Amazon EC2. Configure the .NET app to load the .csv file and call the custom stored procedure to insert the data into the tables.

C. Download the .csv file from Amazon S3 to the RDS D drive by using an AWS msdb stored procedure. Call the custom stored procedure to insert the data from the RDS D drive into the tables.

D. Create an Amazon S3 event to invoke AWS Step Functions to parse the .csv file and call the custom stored procedure to insert the data into the tables.

A company uses an Amazon Aurora MySQL DB cluster. A database specialist has configured the DB cluster to use the automated backup feature with a 10-day retention period. The company wants the database specialist to reduce the cost of the database backup storage as much as possible without causing downtime. It is more important for the company to optimize costs than it is to retain a large set of database backups.
Which set of actions should the database specialist take on the DB cluster to meet these requirements?

A. Disable the automated backup feature by changing the backup retention period to 0 days. Perform manual snapshots daily. Delete old snapshots.

B. Change the backup retention period to 1 day. Remove old manual snapshots if they are no longer required.

C. Keep the backup retention period at 10 days. Remove old manual snapshots if they are no longer required.

D. Disable the automated backup feature by changing the backup retention period to 0 days. Create a backup plan in AWS Backup to perform daily backups.

An IT consulting company wants to reduce costs when operating its development environment databases. The company's workflow creates multiple Amazon
Aurora MySQL DB clusters for each development group. The Aurora DB clusters are only used for 8 hours a day. The DB clusters can then be deleted at the end of the development cycle, which lasts 2 weeks.
Which of the following provides the MOST cost-effective solution?

A. Use AWS CloudFormation templates. Deploy a stack with the DB cluster for each development group. Delete the stack at the end of the development cycle.

B. Use the Aurora DB cloning feature. Deploy a single development and test Aurora DB instance, and create clone instances for the development groups. Delete the clones at the end of the development cycle.

C. Use Aurora Replicas. From the master automatic pause compute capacity option, create replicas for each development group, and promote each replica to master. Delete the replicas at the end of the development cycle.

D. Use Aurora Serverless. Restore current Aurora snapshot and deploy to a serverless cluster for each development group. Enable the option to pause the compute capacity on the cluster and set an appropriate timeout.

A company has an Amazon Redshift cluster with database audit logging enabled. A security audit shows that raw SQL statements that run against the Redshift cluster are being logged to an Amazon S3 bucket. The security team requires that authentication logs are generated for use in an intrusion detection system (IDS), but the security team does not require SQL queries.
What should a database specialist do to remediate this issue?

A. Set the use_fips_ssl parameter to true in the database parameter group.

B. Turn off the query monitoring rule in the Redshift cluster’s workload management (WLM).

C. Set the enable_user_activity_logging parameter to false in the database parameter group.

D. Disable audit logging on the Redshift cluster.

A company is building a software as a service application. As part of the new user sign-on workflow, a Python script invokes the CreateTable operation using the
Amazon DynamoDB API. After the call returns, the script attempts to call PutItem.
Occasionally, the PutItem request fails with a ResourceNotFoundException error, which causes the workflow to fail. The development team has confirmed that the same table name is used in the two API calls.
How should a database specialist fix this issue?

A. Add an allow statement for the dynamodb:PutItem action in a policy attached to the role used by the application creating the table.

B. Set the StreamEnabled property of the StreamSpecification parameter to true, then call PutItem.

C. Change the application to call DescribeTable periodically until the TableStatus is ACTIVE, then call PutItem.

D. Add a ConditionExpression parameter in the PutItem request.

A company is launching a new Amazon RDS for MySQL Multi-AZ DB instance to be used as a data store for a custom-built application. After a series of tests with point-in-time recovery disabled, the company decides that it must have point-in-time recovery reenabled before using the DB instance to store production data.
What should a database specialist do so that point-in-time recovery can be successful?

A. Enable binary logging in the DB parameter group used by the DB instance.

B. Modify the DB instance and enable audit logs to be pushed to Amazon CloudWatch Logs.

C. Modify the DB instance and configure a backup retention period

D. Set up a scheduled job to create manual DB instance snapshots.

A company is preparing to release a new application. During a load test on the application before launch, the company noticed that its Amazon RDS for MySQL database responded more slowly than expected. As a result, the application did not meet performance goals. A database specialist must determine which SQL statements are consuming the most load.
Which set of steps should the database specialist take to obtain this information?

A. Navigate to RDS Performance Insights. Select the database that is associated with the application. Update the counter metrics to show top_sql. Update the time range to when the load test occurred. Review the top SQL statements.

B. Navigate to RDS Performance Insights. Select the database that is associated with the application. Update the time range to when the load test occurred. Change the slice to SQL. Review the top SQL statements.

C. Navigate to Amazon CloudWatch. Select the metrics for the appropriate DB instance. Review the top SQL statements metric for the time range when the load test occurred. Create a CloudWatch dashboard to watch during future load tests.

D. Navigate to Amazon CloudWatch. Find the log group for the application’s database. Review the top-sql-statements log file for the time range when the load test occurred.

Accompany is using Amazon Redshift for its data warehouse. During review of the last few AWS monthly bills, a database specialist notices charges for Amazon Redshift backup storage. The database specialist needs to decrease the cost of these charges in the future and must create a solution that provides notification if the charges exceed a threshold.
Which combination of actions will moot those requirements with the LEAST operational overhead? (Choose two.)

A. Migrate all manual snapshots to the Amazon S3 Standard-Infrequent Access (S3 Standard-IA) storage class

B. Use an automated snapshot schedule to take a snapshot once each day

C. Create an Amazon CloudWatch billing alarm to publish a message to an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic if the threshold is exceeded

D. Create a serverless AWS Glue job to run every 4 hours to describe cluster snapshots and send an email message if the threshold is exceeded

E. Delete manual snapshots that are not required anymore