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Which environment variable is used by an X11 client to determine the X Server to connect to? (Specify only the variable name without any preceding commands or values.)

Which of the following protocols is related to the term open relay?

A. SMTP

B. POP3

C. NTP

D. IMAP

E. LDAP

Depending on a system's configuration, which of the following files can be used to enable and disable network services running on this host?

A. /etc/profile

B. /etc/xinetd.conf

C. /etc/ports

D. /etc/services

E. /etc/host.conf

Which of the following commands lists all queued print jobs?

A. lpd

B. lpr

C. lp

D. lsq

E. lpq

Which of the following statements is true regarding systemd timer units?

A. Timer units can only be defined within a service unit’s file.

B. The command executed by the timer is speci ed in the timer unit’s [Cmd] section.

C. A dedicated system service, systemd-cron, handles the execution of timer units.

D. Timer units only exist in the system scope and are not available for users.

E. Each systemd timer unit controls a specific systemd service unit.

Which configuration file contains the default options for SSH clients?

A. /etc/ssh/sshd_config

B. /etc/ssh/ssh

C. /etc/ssh/ssh_config

D. /etc/ssh/client

E. /etc/ssh/ssh_client

Which file contains the data of the last change of a user's password?

A. /etc/gshadow

B. /etc/passwd

C. /etc/pwdlog

D. /var/log/shadow

E. /etc/shadow

How do shadow passwords improve the password security in comparison to standard no-shadow password?

A. Regular users do not have access to the password hashes of shadow passwords.

B. Every shadow password is valid for 45 days and must be changed afterwards.

C. The system’s host key is used to encrypt all shadow passwords.

D. Shadow passwords are always combined with a public key that has to match the user’s private key.

E. Shadow passwords are stored in plain text and can be checked for weak passwords.

What is true regarding public and private SSH keys? (Choose two.)

A. For each user account, there is exactly one key pair that can be used to log into that account.

B. The private key must never be revealed to anyone.

C. Several different public keys may be generated for the same private key.

D. To maintain the private key’s confidentiality, the SSH key pair must be created by its owner.

E. To allow remote logins, the user’s private key must be copied to the remote server.

What is true about the file /etc/localtime?

A. It is a plain text file containing a string such as Europe/Berlin

B. It is created and maintained by the NTP service based on the location of the system’s IP address.

C. It is a symlink to /sys/device/clock/ltime and always contains the current local time.

D. After changing this file, newtzconfig has to be run to make the changes effective.

E. It is either a symlink to or a copy of a timezone information file such as /usr/share/zoneinfo/Europe/Berlin.

If neither cron.allow nor cron.deny exist in /etc/, which of the following is true?

A. Without additional configuration, all users may create user specific crontabs.

B. Without additional configuration, only root may create user specific crontabs.

C. The cron daemon will refuse to start and report missing files in the system’s log file.

D. When a user creates a user specific crontab the system administrator must approve it explicitly.

E. The default settings of /etc/crond.conf define whether or not user specific crontabs are generally allowed or not.

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Which file is processed by newaliases? (Specify the full name of the file, including path.)

Which of the following commands display the number of bytes transmitted and received via the eth0 network interface? (Choose two.)

A. route -v via eth0

B. ip stats show dev eth0

C. netstat -s -i eth0

D. ifconfig eth0

E. ip -s link show eth0

Which option in the chrony configuration file changes the initial interval of polls to a NTP server in order to speed up the initial synchronization?

A. iburst

B. quickstart

C. fast

D. fsync

E. ood

Which of the following statements is true if the UID of a regular user is identical to the GID of a group?

A. UID have precedence over GIDs, therefore the user is available while the group doesn’t.

B. The user as well as the group are not available to avoid ambiguity due to the ID conflict.

C. UIDs and GIDs are independent of each other, therefore the user as well as the group are still available.

D. The user is the only member of the group, even if the group configuration contains other members.

E. GIDs have precedence over UIDs, therefore the group is available while the user isn’t.

How can a specific user be prevented from scheduling tasks with at?

A. By adding the specific user to the /etc/at.allow file.

B. By adding the specific user to the [deny] section in the /etc/atd.conf file.

C. By adding the specific user to the nojobs group.

D. By adding the specific user to the /etc/at.deny file.

E. By executing the atd –deny [user] command.

Which of the following commands can be used to limit the amount of memory a user may use?

A. umask

B. usermod

C. passwd

D. ulimit

E. chage

What can be speci ed with useradd? (Choose two.)

A. Commands the user can run using sudo.

B. The absolute path to the user’s home directory.

C. Which printers are available for the new user.

D. The SSH keys used to login to the new account.

E. The numeric user ID (UID) of the user.

Which of the following is true about IPv6?

A. IPv6 no longer supports broadcast addresses.

B. With IPv6, the TCP port numbers of most services have changed.

C. IPv4 addresses can be used without any change with IPv6.

D. IPv6 no longer supports multicast addresses.

E. For IPv6, UDP and TCP have been replaced by the Rapid Transmission Protocol RTP.

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Which command must be run after adding a new email alias to the configuration in order to make this change effective? (Specify the command without any path but including all required parameters.)
newaliases

Which file inside the CUPS configuration directory contains the settings of the printers?

A. cups-devices.conf

B. snmp.conf

C. printers.conf

D. printcap.conf

E. cupsd.conf

Which of the following tasks are handled by a display manager like XDM or KMD? (Choose two.)

A. configure additional devices like new monitors or projectors when they are attached.

B. Start and prepare the desktop environment for the user.

C. Create an X11 configuration file for the current graphic devices and monitors.

D. Lock the screen when the user was inactive for a configurable amount of time.

E. Handle the login of a user.

The X11 configuration file xorg.conf is grouped into section. How is the content of the section SectionName represented?

A. It is placed in curly brackets as in Section SectionName { ¶}.

B. It is placed between the tags

.

C. It is placed between a line containing Section SectionName and a line containing EndSection.

D. It is placed after the row [SectionName].

E. It is placed after an initial unindented Section SectionName and must be indented by exactly one tab character.

Which of the following commands preloads and manages existing SSH keys that are used for automatic authentication while logging in to order machines using
SSH?

A. sshd

B. ssh-keyring

C. ssh-keygen

D. ssh-pki

E. ssh-agent

Why is the correct configuration of a system's time zone important?

A. Because the timezone is included in checksum calculations and timezone changes invalidate existing checksums.

B. Because the time zone is saved as part of the modification times of files and cannot be changed after a file is created.

C. Because the environment variables LANG and LC_MESSAGES are, by default, set according to the time zone.

D. Because NTP chooses servers nearby based on the configured time zone.

E. Because the conversion of Unix timestamps to local time relies on the time zone configuration.

How many IP addresses can be used for unique hosts inside the IPv4 subnet 192.168.2.128/26?

A. 6

B. 14

C. 30

D. 62

E. 126

Which mechanism does ssh use to interact with the SSH agent?

A. Connecting to port 2222 which is used by the system-wide SSH agent.

B. Using the fixed socket .ssh-agent/ipc.

C. Creating an alias replacing ssh with calls to ssh-agent.

D. Starting ssh-agent as a child process for each ssh invocation.

E. Evaluating environment variables such as SSH_AUTH_SOCK.

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Which command included in NetworkManager is a curses application which provides easy acces to the NetworkManager on the command line? (Specify only the command without any path or parameters.)
nmtui

What is true about NetworkManager on a Linux system that uses its distribution's mechanisms to configure network interfaces? (Choose two.)

A. NetworkManager reconfigures all network interfaces to use DHCP unless they are specifically managed by NetworkManager.

B. NetworkManager must be explicitly enabled for each interface it should manage.

C. NetworkManager by default does not change interfaces which are already configured.

D. NetworkManager disables all interfaces which were not configured by NetworkManager.

E. NetworkManager can be configured to use the distribution’s network interface configuration.

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Which command is used to sync the hardware clock to the system clock? (Specify only the command without any path or parameters.)
hwclock

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Which command is used to set the hostname of the local system? (Specify only the command without any path or parameters.)
hostname

What is true about the following command?
nmcli device wi connect WIFIoI

A. NetworkManager opens a new public hotspot with the SSID WIFIoI.

B. NetworkManager creates an unconfigured new virtual network interface named WIFIoI.

C. NetworkManager creates a new wi connection WIFIoI and activates it.

D. NetworkManager returns an error in case the connection WIFIoI does not exist.

E. NetworkManager returns an error because WIFIoI is an invalid wi device.

On a machine running several X servers, how do programs identify the different instances of the X11 server?

A. By a fixed UUID that is defined in the X11 configuration file.

B. By a display name like: 1.

C. By the name of the user that runs the X server like x11:bob.

D. By a device name like /dev/X11/xservers/1.

E. By a unique IPv6 address from the fe80::/64 subnet.

Which of the following sections exists in a systemd timer unit?

A. [Events]

B. [Timer]

C. [cron]

D. [Schedule]

E. [Trigger]

Which of the following commands lists all defines variables and functions within Bash?

A. env

B. export

C. env -a

D. set

E. echo $ENV

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The presence of what file will temporarily prevent all users except root from logging into a system? (Specify the full name of the file, including path.)
/sbin/nologin

What is true about the file .profile in a user's home directory?

A. It must be executable.

B. It must call the binary of the login shell.

C. It must use a valid shell script syntax.

D. It must start with a shebang.

E. It must be readable for its owner only.

Which of the following statements is valid in the file /etc/nsswitch.conf?

A. multi on

B. 192.168.168.4 dns-server

C. namespaces: net mount procs

D. include /etc/nsswitch.d/

E. hosts: files dns

Which of the following commands displays all environment and shell variables?

A. getargs

B. lsenv

C. ls

D. env

E. lsshell

On a system using systemd-journald, which of the following commands add the message Howdy to the system log? (Choose two.)

A. append Howdy

B. logger Howdy

C. systemd-cat echo Howdy

D. echo Howdy > /dev/journal

E. journalctl add Howdy

Given the following excerpt of the sudo configuration:
jane ANY=NOPASSWD: /bin/kill, /bin/id, PASSWD: /sbin/fdisk
Which of the following statements are true? (Choose three.)

A. Jane can run /bin/id only after specifying her password.

B. Jane can run /sbin/fdisk after specifying root’s password.

C. Jane can run /sbin/fdisk after specifying her password.

D. Jane can run /bin/kill without specifying a password.

E. Jane can run /bin/id without specifying her password.

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What is the top-level directory which contains the configuration files for CUPS? (Specify the full path to the directory.)

Which of the following protocols is designed to access the video card output of a virtual machine?

A. KDE

B. X11

C. Xfce

D. SPICE

E. XDMCP

Which of the following commands finds all files owned by root that have the SetUID bit set?

A. find / -user root -perm -4000

B. find / -user 0 -mode +s

C. find / -owner root -setuid

D. find / -owner 0 -permbits 0x100000000

E. find / — filter uid=1 — filter pers=u+s

Which command makes the shell variable named VARIABLE visible to subshells?

A. export $VARIABLE

B. env VARIABLE

C. set $VARIABLE

D. set VARIABLE

E. export VARIABLE

Which of the following commands display a list of jobs in the print queue? (Choose two.)

A. cups –list

B. lprm -l

C. lpstat

D. lpr -q

E. lpq

Which of the following commands shows all active systemd timers?

A. systemctl-timer show

B. timectl list

C. systemctl “t

D. systemctl list-timers

E. timeq

What information is provided by the echo $$ command?

A. The process ID of the current shell.

B. The process ID for the following command.

C. The process ID of the last command executed.

D. The process ID of the last command which has been placed in the background.

E. The process ID of the echo command.

On a Linux workstation, the route command takes a long time before printing out the routing table. Which of the following errors does that indicate?

A. The local routing information may be corrupted and must be re-validated using a routing protocol.

B. One of the routers in the routing table is not available which causes the automatic router failure detection mechanism (ARF-D) to wait for a timeout.

C. There may accidentally be more than one default router in which case a default router election has to be done on the network in order to choose one router as the default.

D. The Linux Kernel Routing Daemon (LKRD) is not running and should be started using its init script or systemd unit.

E. DNS resolution may not be working as route by default tries to resolve names of routers and destinations and may run into a timeout.

Which if the following tools, used for DNS debugging, reports not only the response from the name sever but also details about the query?

A. dnsq

B. hostname

C. dig

D. dnslookup

E. zoneinfo