Which of the following commands installs the GRUB boot files into the currently active file systems and the boot loader into the first partition of the first disk?

A. grub-install /dev/sda

B. grub-install /dev/sda1

C. grub-install current /dev/sda0

D. grub-install /dev/sda0

E. grub-install current /dev/sda1

Which of the following commands displays the manual page command from section 1?

A. man command(1)

B. man command@1

C. man 1 command

D. man 1.command

E. man -s 1 command

What does the command mount --bind do?

A. It makes the contents of one directory available in another directory

B. It mounts all available lesystems to the current directory

C. It mounts all user mountable lesystems to the user’s home directory

D. It mounts all file systems listed in /etc/fstab which have the option userbind set

E. It permanently mounts a regular file to a directory

Consider the following output from the command ls `"i:

How would a new file named c.txt be created with the same inode number as a.txt (Inode 525385)?

A. ln -h a.txt c.txt

B. ln c.txt a.txt

C. ln a.txt c.txt

D. ln -f c.txt a.txt

E. ln -i 525385 c.txt

A faulty kernel module is causing issues with a network interface card. Which of the following actions ensures that this module is not loaded automatically when the system boots?

A. Using lsmod –remove –autoclean without specifying the name of a specific module

B. Using modinfo -k followed by the name of the offending module

C. Using modprobe -r followed by the name of the offending module

D. Adding a blacklist line including the name of the offending module to the file /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf

E. Deleting the kernel module’s directory from the file system and recompiling the kernel, including its modules

Which of the following commands installs GRUB 2 into the master boot record on the third hard disk?

A. grub2 install /dev/sdc

B. grub-mkrescue /dev/sdc

C. grub-mbrinstall /dev/sdc

D. grub-setup /dev/sdc

E. grub-install /dev/sdc

Which is the default percentage of reserved space for the root user on new ext4 lesystems?

A yum repository can declare sets of related packages. Which yum command installs all packages belonging to the group admintools?

A. yum pkgsel –install admintools

B. yum install admintools/*

C. yum groupinstall admintools

D. yum taskinstall admintools

E. yum collection install admintools

Which of the following commands displays the contents of a gzip compressed tar archive?

A. gzip archive.tgz | tar xvf –

B. tar “fzt archive.tgz

C. gzip “d archive.tgz | tar tvf –

D. tar cf archive.tgz

E. tar ztf archive.tgz

The command dbmaint  and  was used to run dbmaint in the background. However, dbmaint is terminated after logging out of the system. Which alternative dbmaint invocation lets dbmaint continue to run even when the user running the program logs out?

A. job “b dmaint

B. dbmaint and >/dev/pts/null

C. nohup dbmaint &

D. bg dbmaint

E. wait dbmaint

What is true regarding the command
ls > files
if files does not exist?

A. The output of ls is printed to the terminal

B. files is created and contains the output of ls

C. An error message is shown and ls is not executed

D. The command files is executed and receives the output of ls

E. Any output of ls is discarded

Consider the following directory:
drwxrwxr-x 2 root sales 4096 Jan 1 15:21 sales
Which command ensures new files created within the directory sales are owned by the group sales? (Choose two.)

A. chmod g+s sales

B. setpol -R newgroup=sales sales

C. chgrp -p sales sales

D. chown –persistent *.sales sales

E. chmod 2775 sales

Which of the following commands can perform searches on file contents using regular expressions?

A. find

B. locate

C. grep

D. reggrep

E. pgrep

Which wildcards will match the following lenames? (Choose two.) ttyS0 ttyS1 ttyS2

A. ttyS[1-5]

B. tty?[0-5]

C. tty*2

D. tty[A-Z][012]

E. tty[Ss][02]

Which of the following commands outputs test to the shell?

A. cat <!EOT test EOT

B. cat <|EOT test EOT

C. cat !<EOT test EOT

D. cat &<EOT test EOT

E. cat <<EOT test EOT

A backup software heavily uses hard links between files which have not been changed in between two backup runs. Which benefits are realized due to these hard links? (Choose two.)

A. The old backups can be moved to slow backup media, such as tapes, while still serving as hard link target in new backups.

B. The backup runs faster because hard links are asynchronous operations, postponing the copy operation to a later point in time.

C. The backup is guaranteed to be uncharged because a hard linked file cannot be modified after its creation.

D. The backup consumes less space because the hard links point to the same data on disk instead of storing redundant copies.

E. The backup runs faster because, instead of copying the data of each file, hard links only change file system meta data.

Which of the following are valid stream redirection operators within Bash? (Choose two.)

A.

C. %>

D. >>>

E. 2>&1

FILL BLANK -
Which program runs a command in specific intervals and refreshes the display of the program's output? (Specify ONLY the command without any path or parameters.)

When considering the use of hard links, what are valid reasons not to use hard links?

A. Hard links are not available on all Linux systems because traditional lesystems, such as ext4, do not support them

B. Each hard link has individual ownership, permissions and ACLs which can lead to unintended disclosure of file content

C. Hard links are specific to one filesystem and cannot point to files on another filesystem

D. If users other than root should be able to create hard links, suln has to be installed and configured

E. When a hard linked file is changed, a copy of the file is created and consumes additional space

When in Normal mode in vi, which character can be used to begin a reverse search of the text?

A. r

B. /

C. F

D. ?

E. s

Which chown command changes the ownership to dave and the group to staff on a file named data.txt?

A. chown dave/staff data.txt

B. chown -u dave -g staff data.txt

C. chown –user dave –group staff data.txt

D. chown dave+staff data.txt

E. chown dave:staff data.txt

Which of the following properties of a Linux system should be changed when a virtual machine is cloned? (Choose two.)

A. The partitioning scheme

B. The file system

C. The D-Bus Machine ID

D. The permissions of /root/

E. The SSH host keys

Given the following two symbolic links in a System V init configuration:
/etc/rc1.d/K01apache2
/etc/rc2.d/S02apache2
When are the scripts executed that are referenced by these links? (Choose two.)

A. S02apache2 is run when runlevel 2 is entered.

B. S02apache2 is run when runlevel 2 is left.

C. K01apache2 is never run because K indicates a deactivated service.

D. Both S02apache2 and K01apache2 are run during a system shutdown.

E. K01apache2 is run when runlevel 1 is entered.

Which of the following is true when a file system, which is neither listed in /etc/fstab nor known to system, is mounted manually?

A. systemd ignores any manual mounts which are not done using the systemctl mount command

B. The command systemctl mountsync can be used to create a mount unit based on the existing mount

C. systemd automatically generates a mount unit and monitors the mount point without changing it

D. Unless a systemd mount unit is created, systemd unmounts the file system after a short period of time

E. systemctl unmount must be used to remove the mount because system opens a file descriptor on the mount point

Which command must be entered before exiting vi to save the current file as lea.txt?

A. :save lea.txt

B. :w lea.txt

C. :s lea.txt

A Debian package creates several files during its installation. Which of the following commands searches for packages owning the file /etc/debian_version?

A. apt-get search /etc/debian_version

B. apt -r /etc/debian_version

C. find /etc/debian_version -dpkg

D. dpkg -S /etc/debian_version

E. apt- file /etc/debian_version

Running chmod 640 lea.txt as a regular user doesn't update lea.txt's permission. What might be a reason why chmod cannot modify the permissions? (Choose two.)

A. lea.txt is owned by another user and a regular user cannot change the permissions of another user’s file.

B. lea.txt is a symbolic link whose permissions are a fixed value which cannot be charged.

C. lea.txt has the sticky bit set and a regular user cannot remove this permission.

D. lea.txt is a hard link whose permissions are inherited from the target and cannot be set directly.

E. lea.txt has the SetUID bit set which imposes the restriction that only the root user can make changes to the file.

FILL BLANK -
Which command displays the current disk space usage for all mounted file systems? (Specify ONLY the command without any path or parameters.)

Which of the following commands reads a file and creates separate chunks of a given size from the file's contents?

A. ar

B. cat

C. break

D. split

E. parted

Which of the following commands loads a kernel module along with any required dependency modules?

A. depmod

B. modprobe

C. module_install

D. insmod

E. loadmod

Which of the following statements are correct when comparing Linux containers with traditional virtual machines (e.g. LXC vs. KVM)? (Choose three.)

A. Containers are a lightweight virtualization method where the kernel controls process isolation and resource management.

B. Fully virtualized machines can run any operating system for a specific hardware architecture within the virtual machine.

C. Containers are completely decoupled from the host system’s physical hardware and can only use emulated virtual hardware devices.

D. The guest environment for fully virtualized machines is created by a hypervisor which provides virtual and emulated hardware devices.

E. Containers on the same host can use different operating systems, as the container hypervisor creates separate kernel execution.

In compliance with the FHS, in which of the directories are man pages found?

A. /opt/man/

B. /usr/doc/

C. /usr/share/man/

D. /var/pkg/man

E. /var/man/

When booting from the hard disk, a computer successfully loads the Linux kernel and initramfs but hangs during the subsequent startup tasks. The system is booted using a Linux based rescue CD to investigate the problem. Which of the following methods helps to identify the root cause of the problem?

A. Using the dmesg command from the rescue CD’s shell to view the original system’s boot logs.

B. Investigating the file /proc/kmsg on the computer’s hard disk for possible errors.

C. Investigating the file /var/log on the computer’s hard disk for possible errors.

D. Using chroot to switch to the file system on the hard disk and use dmesg to view the logs.

E. Rebooting again from the hard drive since the system successfully booted from the rescue C

F.

FILL BLANK -
Which file from the /proc/ file system contains a list of all currently mounted devices? (Specify the full name of the file, including path.)
/proc/mounts

Which of the following signals is sent to a process when the key combination Ctrl+C is pressed on the keyboard?

A. SIGTERM

B. SIGCONT

C. SIGSTOP

D. SIGKILL

E. SIGINT

Which umask value ensures that new directories can be read, written and listed by their owning user, read and listed by their owning group and are not accessible at all for everyone else?

A. 0750

B. 0027

C. 0036

D. 7640

E. 0029

What information can the lspci command display about the system hardware? (Choose three.)

A. System battery type

B. Device IRQ settings

C. PCI bus speed

D. Ethernet MAC address

E. Device vendor identification

When redirecting the output of find to the xargs command, what option to find is useful if the lenames contain spaces?

A. -rep-space

B. -printnul

C. -nospace

D. -ignore-space

E. -print0

Which of the following commands installs all packages with a name ending with the string foo?

A. zypper get ‘*foo’

B. zypper update ‘foo?’

C. zypper force ‘foo*’

D. zypper install ‘*foo’

E. zypper add ‘.*foo’

Immediately after deleting 3 lines of text in vi and moving the cursor to a different line, which single character command will insert the deleted content below the current line?

A. i (lowercase)

B. p (lowercase)

C. P (uppercase)

D. U (uppercase)

E. u (lowercase)

Which of the following commands is used to change options and positional parameters within a running Bash shell?

A. history

B. setsh

C. bashconf

D. set

E. envsetup

Which of the following files, located in a user's home directory, contains the Bash history?

A. .bashrc_history

B. .bash_hist file

C. .history

D. .bash_history

E. .history_bash

When removing a package on a system using dpkg package management, which dpkg option ensures configuration files are removed as well?

A. –clean

B. –purge

C. –vacuum

D. –remove

E. –declare

The installation of a local Debian package failed due to unsatis ed dependencies. Which of the following commands installs missing dependencies and completes the interrupted package installation?

A. dpkg — x –all

B. apt-get autoinstall

C. dpkg-reconfigure –all

D. apt-get all

E. apt-get install -f

Which type of file system is created by mkfs when it is executed with the block device name only and without any additional parameters?

A. XFS

B. VFAT

C. ext2

D. ext3

E. ext4

Instead of supplying an explicit device in /etc/fstab for mounting, what other options may be used to identify the intended partition? (Choose two.)

A. LABEL

B. ID

C. FIND

D. NAME

E. UUID

What output will be displayed when the user fred executes the following command? echo 'fred $USER'

A. fred fred

B. fred /home/fred/

C. ‘fred $USER’

D. fred $USER

E. ‘fred fred’

Which of the following regular expressions represents a single upper-case letter?

A. :UPPER:

B. [A-Z]

C. !a-z

D. {AZ}

What is contained on the EFI System Partition?

A. The Linux root file system

B. The first stage boot loader

C. The default swap space file

D. The Linux default shell binaries

E. The user home directories

Which of the following vi commands deletes two lines, the current and the following line?

A. d2

B. 2d

C. 2dd

D. dd2

E. de12