Course Content
Packet Forwarding
0/2
Network Device Communication
Forwarding Architectures
Spanning Tree
An overview of how switches become aware of other switches and prevent loops.
0/2
Spanning Tree Protocol Fundamentals
Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol
Advanced Spanning Tree Tuning
0/2
Spanning Tree Topology Tuning
Additional Spanning Tree Protection Mechanisms
Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol (MST)
0/1
Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol
VLAN Trunks and EtherChannel Bundles
0/3
VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP)
Dynamic Trunking Protocol (DTP)
EtherChannel Bundle
IP Routing Essentails
0/4
Routing Protocol Overview
Path Selection
Static Routing
Virtual routing and forwarding (VRF)
EIGRP
0/4
EIGRP Fundamentals
EIGRP Path Metric Calculation
EIGRP Failure Detection and Timers
EIGRP Route Summarization
OSPF
0/4
OSPF Fundamentals
OSPF Configuration
OSPF Default Route Advertisement
Common OSPF Optimizations
Advanced OSPF
The (OSPF) protocol scales well with proper network planning. IP addressing schemes, area segmentation, address summarization, and hardware capabilities for each area should considered when designing a network.
0/6
OSPF Areas
OSPF Link-State Announcements
Discontiguous Networks
OSPF Path Selection
OSPF Routes Summarization
OSPF Route Filtering
OSPFv3
0/3
OSPFv3 Fundamentals
OSPFv3 Configurations
IPv4 Support in OSPFv3
BGP
0/4
BGP Fundamentals
Basic BGP Configuration
BGP Route Summarization
Multiprotocol BGP for IPv6
Advanced BGP
0/6
BGP Multihoming
BGP Conditional Matching
BGP Route Maps
BGP Route Filtering and Manipulation
BGP Communities
BGP Path Selection
Multicast
0/5
Multicast Fundamentals
Multicast Addressing
Internet Group Management Protocol
Protocol Independent Multicast
Rendezvous Points
QoS
0/5
The Need for QoS
QoS Models
Classification and Marking
Policing and Shaping
Congestion Management and Avoidance
IP Services
0/3
Time Synchronization
First Hop Redundancy Protocol
Network Address Translation
Overlay Tunnels
0/4
Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE) Tunnels
IPsec Fundamentals
Cisco Location/ID Separation Protocol (LISP)
Virtual Extensible Local Area Network (VXLAN)
Wireless Signals & Modulation
0/2
Understanding Basic Wireless Theory
Carrying Data over a Wireless Signal
Wireless Infrastructure
0/3
WLAN Topologies
Leveraging Antennas for Wireless Coverage
Pairing Lightweight APs and WLCs
Understanding Wireless Roam and Location Services
0/3
Roaming Overview
Roaming Between Centralized Controllers
Locating Devices in a Wireless Network
Authenticating Wireless Clients
0/4
Open Authentication
Authenticating with Pre-Shared Key (PSK)
Authenticating with EAP
Authenticating with WebAuth
Troubleshooting Wireless Connectivity
0/2
Troubleshooting Client Connectivity from WLC
Troubleshooting Connectivity Problems at the AP
Enterprise Network Architecture
0/2
Hierarchical LAN Design Model
Enterprise Network Architecture Options
Fabric Technologies
0/2
Software-Defined Access (SD-Access)
Software Defined WAN (SD-WAN)
Network Assurance
0/6
Network Diagnostic Tools
Debugging
NetFlow and Flexible NetFlow
Switched Port Analyzer (SPAN) Technologies
IP SLA
DNA Center Assurance
Secure Network Access Control
0/3
Network Security Design for Threat Defense
Network Access Control (NAC)
Next-Generation Endpoint Security
Network Device Access Control and Infrastructure Security
0/5
Access Control Lists (ACLs)
Terminal Lines and Password Protection
Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting (AAA)
Zone-Based Firewall (ZBFW)
Control Plane Policing (CoPP)
Virtualization
0/2
Server Virtualization
Network Functions Virtualization
Foundational Network Programmability Concepts
0/6
CLI
Application Programming Interface (API)
Data Models and Supporting Protocols
DevNet
GitHub
Basic Python Components and Scripts
Introduction to Automation Tools  
To provide a high-level overview of some of the most common configuration management and automation tools that are available.
0/3
Embedded Event Manager (EEM)
Agent-Based Automation Tools
Agentless Automation Tools
ENCOR Course
About Lesson

Virtual Extensible Local Area Network (VXLAN)

describes VXLAN as a data plane protocol that is open to operate with any control plane protocol.

  • Server Virtualization has placed an increased demand on legacy network infrastructure.
  • Layer 2 networks were not designed to support hundreds of thousands of MAC addresses and tens of thousands of VLANs.
  • VXLAN is designed to address the issues being seen in traditional Layer 2 networks.

Issues with Legacy Layer 2 Networks

Virtualization has led to a number of problems with traditional Layer 2 Networks:

  • The 12-bit VLAN ID yields 4000 VLANs, which are insufficient for server virtualization.
  • Large MAC address tables are needed due to the hundreds of thousands of VMs and containers attached to the network.
  • STP blocks links to avoid loops, and this results in a large number of disabled links, which is unacceptable.
  • ECMP is not supported.
  • Host mobility is difficult to implement.

VXLAN Network Identifier

VXLAN has a 24-bit VXLAN network identifier (VNI), which allows for up to 16 million VXLAN segments (more commonly known as overlay networks) to coexist within the same infrastructure.

  • VNI is located in the VXLAN shim header that encapsulates the original inner MAC frame originated by an endpoint. The VNI is used to provide segmentation for Layer 2 and Layer 3 traffic.
  • To facilitate the discovery of VNIs over the underlay Layer 3 network, virtual tunnel endpoints (VTEPs) are used.
  • Each VTEP has two interfaces:

 

Local LAN interfaces – These interfaces on the local LAN segment provide bridging between local hosts.

 

IP interface – This is a core-facing network interface for VXLAN. The IP interface’s IP address helps identify the VTEP in the network.

VXLAN Headers

 

  • There are minor differences between the Layer 2 LISP specification and the VXLAN specification headers. LISP fields not ported over to VXLAN are reserved for future use.
  • Cisco Software Defined Access (SD-Access) is an example of an implementation of VXLAN with the LISP control plane.

Other useful information:

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