Course Content
Networking Today
0/7
Network Components
Network Representations and Topologies
Common Types of Networks
Internet Connections
Reliable Networks
Network Security Basic
Network Trends
Basic Switch and End Device Configuration
0/7
Cisco IOS Access
Cisco IOS Navigation
Cisco IOS Command Structure
Basic Cisco Device Configuration
Save Cisco IOS Configurations
Ports and Addresses
Configure IP Addressing
Protocols and Models
0/7
The Rules in Network Communications
Protocols
Protocol Suites
Standards Organizations
Reference Models
Data Encapsulation
Data Access
Physical Layer
0/6
Purpose of the Physical Layer
Physical Layer Characteristics
Copper Cabling
UTP Cabling
Fiber-Optic Cabling
Wireless Media
Data Link Layer
0/3
Purpose of the Data Link Layer
WAN and LAN topologies
Data Link Frame
Ethernet Switching
0/4
Ethernet Frames
Ethernet MAC Address
The MAC Address Table
Switch Speeds and Forwarding Methods
Network Layer
0/5
Network Layer Characteristics
IPv4 Packet
IPv6 Packet
How a Host Routes
Router Routing Tables
Number Systems
0/2
Binary Number System
Hexadecimal Number System
Address Resolution
Explain how ARP and ND enable communication on a network
0/3
MAC and IP
ARP
Neighbor Discovery
Basic Router Configuration
0/3
Configure Initial Router Settings
Configure Interfaces
Configure the Default Gateway
IPv4 Addressing
0/7
IPv4 Address Structure
IPv4 Unicast, Broadcast, and Multicast
Types of IPv4 Addresses
Network Segmentation
Subnet an IPv4 Network
VLSM
Structured Design
IPv6 Addressing
0/8
IPv4 Issues
IPv6 Address Representation
IPv6 Address Types
GUA and LLA Static Configuration
Dynamic Addressing for IPv6 GUAs
Dynamic Addressing for IPv6 LLAs
IPv6 Multicast Addresses
Subnet an IPv6 Network
ICMP
0/2
ICMP Messages
Ping and Traceroute Testing
Transport Layer
0/7
Transportation of Data
TCP Overview
UDP Overview
Port Numbers
TCP Communication Process
Reliability and Flow Control
UDP Communication
Application Layer
0/7
Application, Presentation, and Session
Peer-to-Peer
Web Protocols
Email Protocols
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
Domain Name Service
File Sharing Services
Network Security Fundamentals
0/4
Security Threats and Vulnerabilities
Network Attacks
Network Attack Mitigation
Device Security
Build a Small Network
0/7
Devices in a Small Network
Small Network Applications and Protocols
Scale to Larger Networks
Verify Connectivity
Host and IOS Commands
Troubleshooting Methodologies
Troubleshooting Scenarios
Basic Device Configuration
0/5
Configure a Switch with Initial Settings
Configure Switch Ports
Secure Remote Access
Basic Router Configuration
Verify Directly Connected Networks
CCNA: Switching, Routing, and Wireless Essentials
The second course in the CCNA curriculum focuses on switching technologies and router operations that support small-to-medium business networks and includes wireless local area networks (WLAN) and security concepts.
0/15
Switching Concepts
VLANs
Inter-VLAN Routing
STP
Etherchannel
DHCPv4
SLAAC and DHCPv6 Concepts
FHRP Concepts
LAN Security Concepts
Switch Security Configuration
WLAN Concepts
WLAN Configuration
Routing Concepts
IP Static Routing
Troubleshoot Static and Default Routes
CCNA: Enterprise Networking, Security, and Automation
The third CCNA course describes the architectures and considerations related to designing, securing, operating, and troubleshooting enterprise networks – including wide area network (WAN) technologies & quality of service (QoS) mechanisms for secure remote access, along with software-defined networking, virtualization, & automation concepts supporting network digitization.
0/14
Single-Area OSPFv2 Concepts
Single-Area OSPFv2 Configuration
Network Security Concepts
ACLs Concepts
ACLS for IPv4 Configuration
NAT for IPv4
WAN Concepts
VPN and IPsec Concepts
QoS Concepts
Network Management
Network Design
Network Troubleshooting
Network Virtualization
Network Automation
CCNA Course
About Lesson

TCP Communication Process

Explain how TCP session establishment and termination processes facilitate reliable communication.

TCP Connection Establishment

  • Step 1: The initiating client requests a client-to-server communication session with the server.
  • Step 2: The server acknowledges the client-to-server communication session and requests a server-to-client communication session.
  • Step 3: The initiating client acknowledges the server-to-client communication session.

Session Termination

  • Step 1: When the client has no more data to send in the stream, it sends a segment with the FIN flag set.
  • Step 2: The server sends an ACK to acknowledge the receipt of the FIN to terminate the session from client to server.
  • Step 3: The server sends a FIN to the client to terminate the server-to-client session.
  • Step 4: The client responds with an ACK to acknowledge the FIN from the server.

TCP Three-Way Handshake Analysis

  • Functions of the Three-Way Handshake:
    • It establishes that the destination device is present on the network.
    • It verifies that the destination device has an active service and is accepting requests on the destination port number that the initiating client intends to use.
    • It informs the destination device that the source client intends to establish a communication session on that port number.

 

  • After the communication is completed the sessions are closed, and the connection is terminated.
  • The connection and session mechanisms enable TCP reliability function.
  • The six control bit flags are as follows:
    • URG – Urgent pointer field significant
    • ACK – Acknowledgment flag used in connection establishment and session termination
    • PSH – Push function
    • RST – Reset the connection when an error or timeout occurs
    • SYN – Synchronize sequence numbers used in connection establishment
    • FIN – No more data from sender and used in session termination

Other related topics

 

Topic Title Topic Objective
Transportation of Data Explain the purpose of the transport layer in managing the transportation of data in end-to-end communication.
TCP Overview Explain characteristics of TCP.
UDP Overview Explain characteristics of UDP.
Port Numbers Explain how TCP and UDP use port numbers.
TCP Communication Process Explain how TCP session establishment and termination processes facilitate reliable communication.
Reliability and Flow Control Explain how TCP protocol data units are transmitted and acknowledged to guarantee delivery.
UDP Communication Compare the operations of transport layer protocols in supporting end-to-end communication.

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